Learn all about Multivitamins

Multivitamins work by providing essential vitamins and minerals that function as helpers (cofactors and coenzymes) for many chemical reactions in the body. B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, B6, biotin, folate, and B12) act as helpers in energy production and cell function. Antioxidants like vitamins C and E help neutralise harmful molecules (free radicals) and reduce cell damage (oxidative stress). Minerals serve as structural components (calcium, phosphorus) and enzyme helpers (zinc, selenium, magnesium). Fat-soluble vitamins support immune function, bone health, vision, and how cells communicate. Rather than acting like a drug, multivitamins primarily ensure the body has enough basic materials for normal functions.

While multivitamin supplements provide a convenient composite of nutrients, each component naturally occurs in various food sources. B vitamins are abundant in whole grains, meat, eggs, and leafy greens. Vitamin C is concentrated in citrus fruits, berries, and bell peppers. Minerals like zinc are found in oysters, beef, and pumpkin seeds, while selenium is in Brazil nuts and seafood. Beta-carotene (vitamin A precursor) is in orange and dark green vegetables. Vitamin E is in nuts, seeds, and vegetable oils. Vitamin D is unique in being primarily produced by skin exposure to sunlight, with limited food sources (oily fish, egg yolks). A varied diet with sufficient calories typically provides adequate amounts for most individuals not in high-risk groups.